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Performance metrics & physics

Solar Irradiance

Solar irradiance is the instantaneous power of solar radiation reaching a surface, measured in watts per square metre; Singapore noon sun typically delivers 800–1100 W/m² at horizontal exposure.

Solar irradiance varies by time of day, season and cloud cover. Singapore, on the equator, has minimal seasonal variation — peak noon irradiance is similar year-round.

Peak irradiance of 1000+ W/m² is among the highest sustained levels on Earth. This is why aircon load is consistently heavy and why a high heat-rejection film provides such a large absolute heat reduction.

For comparison, temperate-climate cities see peak irradiance of 600–800 W/m². Singapore-spec installations of window film deliver more impact than equivalent installs in cooler markets.